What Happens to Debt After 7 Years?

Seven years is a well-known time limit when it comes to debt. It's referred to so often that many people have forgotten what really happens to credit cards, loans, and other financial accounts after the seven-year mark.

Seven years is the length of time that many negative items can be listed on your credit report, as defined by the Fair Credit Reporting Act. This includes things like late payments, debt collections, charged-off accounts, and Chapter 13 bankruptcy. Certain other negative items, like some judgments, unpaid tax liens, and Chapter 7 bankruptcy, can remain on your credit report for more than seven years.

What the 7-Year Mark Means

Most negative items will simply fall off your credit report automatically after seven years from the date of your first missed payment. Your credit report, if you're not familiar, is a document that lists your credit and loan accounts and payment histories with various banks and other financial institutions.

The actual debt doesn't get erased after seven years, particularly if it's unpaid. You still owe your creditor even when it's too old to be included in your credit report. Because the debt still exists, creditors, lenders, and debt collectors can still use the proper legal channels to collect the debt from you. That includes calling you, sending letters, or garnishing your wages if the court has given permission. You can even be sued for a debt if your state’s statute of limitations for that debt is more than seven years.

Impact on Your Credit Score

Even though debts still exist after seven years, having them fall off your credit report can be beneficial to your credit score. Once negative items fall off your credit report, you have a better chance at getting an excellent credit score, granted you pay all your bills on time, manage newer debt, and don’t have any new slip-ups.

When the negative items fall off your credit report, it also improves your chances of getting approved for new credit cards and loans, assuming there's no other negative information on your credit report.

Does the 7-Year Period Ever Start Over?

Many people are afraid of paying a past due balance because they believe it will restart the credit reporting time limit. The clock starts ticking on the first date you miss a payment and, the good news is, the seven-year time period for negative information does not start over, even after you bring your account current or pay off the balance.

For example, say you were 60 days late on a credit card payment in January 2015. This late payment should have fallen off your credit report in January 2022. Let's also say that you caught up on your payments and made all payments on time until August 2019 when you became 90 days past due and then caught up again.

Your previous late payments from January 2015, will still have fallen off in 2022. The late payment from August 2019 should fall off your credit report by August 2026 and your account status will update to show that you've paid your account on time as agreed. The account itself will stay on your credit report as long as it's still open and in good standing.

Removing Negative Items After 7 Years

Check your credit report to learn when negative items are scheduled to be deleted from your credit report. When the seven years is up, the credit bureaus should automatically delete outdated information without any action from you.

However, if there's a negative entry on your credit report and it's older than seven years, you can dispute the information with the credit bureau to have it deleted from your credit report.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)